Resepi lauk bubur nasi
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2024.05.31 03:59 UsernameGenerik This restaurant cannot tolerate any negative review on Grab at all (repost after removing restaurant name)
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2024.05.27 14:17 partypastor Unreached People Group of the Week - Malay people of Malaysia
https://preview.redd.it/fjk55jmzoy2d1.png?width=2240&format=png&auto=webp&s=3d78b23fde50433873d3766a08e0c2ec3209160d
Welcome back to the reformed UPG of the Week!
Gonna leave this here because reddit is still a massive pain these days and it is getting worse to do all this
Stratus Index Ranking (Urgency): 91
It has been noted to me by u/JCmathetes that I should explain this ranking. Low numbers are more urgent, both physically and spiritually together, while high numbers are less urgent. The scale is 1-177, with one number assigned to each country. So basically on a scale from Afghanistan (1) to Finland (177), how urgent are the peoples physical and spiritual needs.
Sabah, Malaysia
Climate: The local climate is equatorial and characterised by the annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons. The temperature is moderated by the presence of the surrounding oceans. Humidity is usually high, and the average annual rainfall is 250 cm (98 in). The climates of the Peninsula and the East differ, as the climate on the peninsula is directly affected by wind from the mainland, as opposed to the more maritime weather of the East. Local climates can be divided into three regions, highland, lowland, and coastal.
Crocker Mountains in Malaysia
Terrain: Much of Malaysia is coast or rainforest. Its land borders are defined in large part by geological features such as the Perlis River, the Golok River and the Pagalayan Canal, whilst some of the maritime boundaries are the subject of ongoing contention. The two parts of Malaysia, separated from each other by the South China Sea, share a largely similar landscape in that both Peninsular and East Malaysia feature coastal plains rising to hills and mountains. Peninsular Malaysia, containing 40 per cent of Malaysia's land area, extends 740 km (460 mi) from north to south, and its maximum width is 322 km (200 mi). It is divided between its east and west coasts by the Titiwangsa Mountains, rising to a peak elevation of 2,183 metres (7,162 ft) at Mount Korbu, part of a series of mountain ranges running down the centre of the peninsula. These mountains are heavily forested, and mainly composed of granite and other igneous rocks. Much of it has been eroded, creating a karst landscape. The range is the origin of some of Peninsular Malaysia's river systems. The coastal plains surrounding the peninsula reach a maximum width of 50 kilometres (31 mi), and the peninsula's coastline is nearly 1,931 km (1,200 mi) long, although harbours are only available on the western side. East Malaysia, on the island of Borneo, has a coastline of 2,607 km (1,620 mi). It is divided between coastal regions, hills and valleys, and a mountainous interior. The Crocker Range extends northwards from Sarawak, dividing the state of Sabah. It is the location of the 4,095 m (13,435 ft) high Mount Kinabalu, the tallest mountain in Malaysia. Mount Kinabalu is located in the Kinabalu National Park, which is protected as one of the four UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Malaysia. The highest mountain ranges form the border between Malaysia and Indonesia. Sarawak contains the Mulu Caves, the largest cave system in the world, in the Gunung Mulu National Park which is also a World Heritage Site. The largest river in Malaysia is the Rajang. Around these two halves of Malaysia are numerous islands, the largest of which is Banggi.
Mogotes dot along the western edge of the range in Kinta District, Perak.
Wildlife of Malaysia: The wildlife of Malaysia is diverse, with Malaysia being a megadiverse country. Most of the country is covered in rainforest, which hosts a huge diversity of plant and animal species. There are approximately 361 mammal species, 694 bird species, 250 reptile species, and 150 frog species found in Malaysia. Its large marine territory also holds a great diversity of life, with the country's coastal waters comprising part of the Coral Triangle. Peninsular Malaysia holds four big cats: the Indochinese tiger, the Malayan tiger, the Indochinese leopard and also the clouded leopard. Another major predator is the sunbear. Large prey exists, such as the Sumatran rhinoceros, the Malayan tapir, mouse deer, barking deer, sambar deer, wild boar, and Bornean bearded pigs. Gaurs and Asian elephants can also be found. Lowland animals such as these also can be found at higher altitudes, along with animals specialised for mountain living, such as siamang gibbons, red squirrels, and lesser moon rat species. East Malaysia lacks the tigers of the Peninsula, leaving Sunda clouded leopards, sunbears, and Sunda otter civet as the primary predators. Borneo elephants are also found there, along with Bornean orangutans, Mueller's gibbons, macaques, proboscis monkeys, silvered leaf monkeys, langurs, and slow lorises. Marbled cats and leopard cats are smaller predators. Kinabalu ferret-badgers, Kinabalu black shrews, Hose's palm civets, and Brooke's tree squirrels are endemic to the mountains of Borneo. Other small mammals include mongooses and giant rats. 11,300 orangutans are found in East Malaysia. Other ape species include the white-handed gibbon and the siamang. Malaysia has 10 monkey species, divided between langurs and macaques. Proboscis monkeys, the world's largest monkey, are a langur species endemic to Borneo. Macaque species include the crab-eating macaque and the pig-tailed macaque. The Malayan tiger, a close relative of the Indochinese tiger, is endemic to the Malay peninsula with a remaining population of about 300 (250-340). Small cats such as the bay cat and various civet cats are also found. 1200 Asian elephants exist on the Peninsula, with another population existing in East Malaysia. The world's largest cattle species, the seladang, is found in Malaysia. Fruit bats are also found throughout the country, with a high concentration in the Mulu Caves. There are also the Malayan pit viper, king cobras, Dumeril's monitors, Malay water monitors, and estuarine crocodiles. The king cobra is the deadliest snake found, but it is rarely encountered. The reticulated python is said to grow up to 10 metres (33 ft) in length. Monitor lizards, almost 2 metres (7 ft) in length, are found in both halves of the country. They also have a ton of birds.
If it isn't obvious from this list, there are SO many monkeys in Malaysia :(
Indochinese leopard
Environmental Issues: The national statistics showed that the state of some of the Malaysian environment is rather stressful. Urban air quality, river water quality, deforestation, costal reclamation, and endangered species are just a few of the issues in Malaysia.
Languages: Malaysia contains speakers of 137 living languages, 41 of which are found in Peninsula Malaysia.
Malay, Baba Malay, Batek, Chitty Malay, Cheq Wong, Duano’, Jah Hut, Jahai, Jakun, Jedek, Kedah Malay, Kelantan-Pattani Malay, Kenaboi, Kensiu, Kintaq, Kristang, Lanoh, Mah Meri, Minriq, Mintil, Mos, Negeri Sembilan Malay, Orang Kanaq, Orang Seletar, Pahang Malay, Perak Malay, Ple-Temer, Rawa Malay, Sabüm, Semai, Semaq Beri, Semelai, Semnam, Southern Thai, Temiar, Temoq, Temuan, Terengganu Malay, Wila', Abai, Bahau, Bajaw, Belait, Berawan, Biatah, Bintulu, Bonggi, Bookan, Bruneian/Kedayan Malay, Brunei Bisaya, Bukar Sadong, Bukitan, Coastal Kadazan, Cocos Malay, Daro-Matu, Dumpas, Dusun, Eastern Kadazan, Gana’, Iban, Ida'an, Iranun, Jagoi, Jangkang, Kajaman, Kalabakan, Kanowit, Kayan, Kelabit, Kendayan, Keningau Murut, Kinabatangan, Kiput, Klias River Kadazan, Kota Marudu Talantang, Kuijau, Lahanan, Lelak, Lengilu, Lotud, Lun Bawang (Lundayeh), Mainstream Kenyah, Maranao, Melanau, Molbog, Momogun, Murik Kayan, Narom, Nonukan Tidong, Okolod, Paluan, Papar, Punan Batu, Remun, Sa'ban, Sabah Bisaya, Sabah Malay, Sama, Sarawak Malay, Sebop, Sebuyau, Sekapan, Selungai Murut, Sembakung, Seru, Serudung, Sian, Suluk, Sungai, Tagol, Timugon, Tombonuwo, Tring, Tringgus, Tutoh, Ukit, Uma’ Lasan, English, Arabic, Bengali, Cantonese, Hainanese, Hakka, Hokchew, Hokkien, Indonesian, Malayalam, Mandarin Chinese, Punjabi, Sinhala, Tamil, Telugu. The Malay speak Malay
Government Type: Federal parliamentary elective constitutional monarchy
Population: 14,098,000
Estimated Foreign Workers Needed: 282+
Beliefs: The Malay are 0.1% Christian. That means out of their population of 14,098,000, there are roughly 14,098 believers. Thats about 1 believer for every 1000 unbeliever.
Islam was brought to Malaysia by Arabic and Indian traders many centuries ago, and the Malay people have come to embrace and ardently follow the Islamic faith. All Malay people are considered Islamic though levels of devotion to the religion are varied. Even those who half-heartedly follow Islam participate in the fasting month, and the Malay people of affluence will go on the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once if not many times during their lifetime.
The Malay have early roots in Hinduism and traces of this can still be seen in certain aspects of their culture such as weddings. For instance, the bride and groom will paint their hands with henna and will sit upon a platform for hours for the guests to admire.
Another divergence from Islam is the use of a bomoh (witchdoctor). Although Islam forbids the use of such a person, many Malay of Peninsular Malaysia will seek the services of a bomoh when they are experiencing a difficult situation or when they need some "magic." Also, they use bomohs for honorable or ignoble purposes. Furthermore, they consult bomohs in order to receive a blessing or a cure; or, on the other hand, in order to curse someone or get revenge.
Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Mosque in Malaysia
History: There is no definite evidence which dates the first Indian voyages across the Bay of Bengal but conservative estimates place the earliest arrivals on Malay shores at least 2,000 years ago. The discovery of jetty remains, iron smelting sites, and a clay brick monument dating back to 110 CE in the Bujang Valley, shows that a maritime trading route with South Indian Tamil kingdoms was already established since the second century.
The growth of trade with India brought coastal people in much of maritime Southeast Asia into contact with the major religions of Hinduism and Buddhism. Throughout this area a most profound in influence has been exerted by India which seems to have introduced into it architecture, sculpture, writing, monarchy, religion, iron, cotton and a host of elements of higher culture. Indian religions, cultural traditions and Sanskrit began to spread across the land. Hindu temples were built in the Indian style, local kings began referring to themselves as "raja" and more desirable aspects of Indian government were adopted
The beginning of the Common Era saw the rise of Malay states in the coastal areas of the Sumatra and Malay Peninsula; Srivijaya, Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom, Gangga Negara, Langkasuka, Kedah, Pahang, the Melayu Kingdom and Chi Tu. Between the 7th and 13th centuries, many of these small, often prosperous peninsula and Sumatran maritime trading states, became part of the mandala of Srivijaya, a great confederation of city-states centred in Sumatra. Early during this period, the earliest known mention of the word "Malayu" was used in Chinese sources in 644 CE. Later in the mid-14th century, the word Malay was already recognized as a collective people sharing similar heritage, customs and language.
Srivijaya's influence spread over all the coastal areas of Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula, western Java and western Borneo, as well as the rest of the Malay Archipelago. Enjoying both Indian and Chinese patronage, its wealth was gained mostly through trade. At its height, the Old Malay language was used as its official language and became the lingua franca of the region, replacing Sanskrit, the language of Hinduism. The Srivijayan era is considered the golden age of Malay culture.
The glory of Srivijaya however began to wane after the series of raids by the Tamil Chola dynasty in the 11th century. After the fall of Srivijaya in 1025 CE, the Malayu kingdom of Jambi, Sumatra, became the most dominant Malay state of the region. By the end of the 13th century, the remnants of the Malay empire in Sumatra was finally destroyed by the Javanese invaders during the Pamalayu expedition (Pamalayu means "war against the Malays").
In 1299, through the support of the loyal servants of the empire, the Orang laut, a Malay prince of Palembang origin, Sang Nila Utama established the Kingdom of Singapura in Temasek. His dynasty ruled the island kingdom until the end of the 14th century, when the Malay polity once again faced the wrath of Javanese invaders. In 1400, his great-great-grandson, Parameswara, headed north and established the Malacca Sultanate. The new kingdom succeeded Srivijaya and inherited much of the royal and cultural traditions, including a large part of the territories of its predecessor.
In the north of the peninsula, the power vacuum left by the collapse of Srivijaya was filled by the growth of the kingdom of Tambralinga in the 12th century. Between the 13th to early 14th century, the kingdom succeeded to incorporate most of the Malay Peninsula under its mandala. The campaign led by Chandrabhanu Sridhamaraja (1230–1263) managed to capture Jaffna kingdom in Sri Lanka between 1247 and 1258. He was eventually defeated by the forces of the Pandyan dynasty from Tamil Nadu in 1263 and was killed by the brother of Emperor Sadayavarman Sundara Pandyan I. The invasion marked an unrivaled feature in the history of Southeast Asia, it was the only time there was an armed maritime expedition beyond the borders of the region.
The cultivation of Malay polity system also diffused beyond the proper Sumatran-Peninsular border during this era. The age avowed by exploration and migration of the Malays to establish kingdoms beyond the traditional Srivijayan realm. Several exemplification are the enthronement of a Tambralingan prince to reign the Lavo Kingdom in present-day Central Thailand, the foundation of Rajahnate of Cebu in the Visayas and the establishment of the Tanjungpura Kingdom in what is now West Kalimantan, Borneo. The expansion is also eminent as it shaped the ethnogenesis development of the related Acehnese and Banjar people and further spreading the Indian-influenced Malay ethos within the regional sphere.
The period of the 12th and 15th centuries saw the arrival of Islam and the rise of the great port-city of Malacca on the southwestern coast of the Malay Peninsula — two major developments that altered the course of Malay history.
The Islamic faith arrived on the shores of what are now the states of Kedah, Perak, Kelantan and Terengganu, from around the 12th century. The earliest archaeological evidence of Islam from the Malay Peninsula is the Terengganu Inscription Stone dating from the 14th century found in Terengganu state, Malaysia.
By the 15th century, the Malacca Sultanate, whose hegemony reached over much of the western Malay Archipelago, had become the centre of Islamisation in the east. As a Malaccan state religion, Islam brought many great transformation into the Malaccan society and culture, and It became the primary instrument in the evolution of a common Malay identity. The Malaccan era witnessed the close association of Islam with Malay society and how it developed into a definitive marker of Malay identity. Over time, this common Malay cultural idiom came to characterise much of the Malay Archipelago through the Malayisation process. The expansion of Malaccan influence through trade and Dawah brought with it together the Classical Malay language, the Islamic faith, and the Malay Muslim culture; the three core values of Kemelayuan ("Malayness").
In 1511, the Malaccan capital fell into the hands of Portuguese conquistadors. However, Malacca remained an institutional prototype: a paradigm of statecraft and a point of cultural reference for successor states such as Johor Sultanate (1528–present), Perak Sultanate (1528–present), Pahang Sultanate (1470–present), Siak Sri Indrapura Sultanate (1725–1946), Pelalawan Sultanate (1725–1946) and Riau-Lingga Sultanate (1824–1911).
Across the South China Sea in the 14th century, another Malay realm, the Bruneian Empire was on the rise to become the most powerful polity in Borneo. By the middle of the 15th century, Brunei entered into a close relationship with the Malacca Sultanate. The sultan married a Malaccan princess, adopted Islam as the court religion, and introduced an efficient administration modelled on Malacca. Brunei profited from trade with Malacca but gained even greater prosperity after the great Malay port was conquered by the Portuguese in 1511. It reached its golden age in the mid-16th century when it controlled land as far south as present day Kuching in Sarawak, north towards the Philippine Archipelago. The empire broadened its influence in Luzon by defeating Datu Gambang of the Kingdom of Tondo and by founding a satellite state, Kota Seludong in present-day Manila, setting up the Muslim Rajah, Rajah Sulaiman I as a vassal to the Sultanate of Brunei. Brunei also expanded its influence in Mindanao, Philippines when Sultan Bolkiah married Leila Macanai, the daughter of the Sultan of Sulu. However, states like the kingdom of Pangasinan, Rajahnate of Cebu and Kedatuan of Madja-as tried to resist Brunei's and Islam's spread into the Philippines. Brunei's fairly loose river based governmental presence in Borneo projected the process of Malayisation. Fine Malay Muslim cultures, including the language, dress and single-family dwelling were introduced to the natives primarily from ethnic Dayaks, drawing them into the Sultanate. Dayak chiefs were incorporated into the Malay hierarchy, being given the official titles of Datuk, Temenggong and Orang Kaya. In West Borneo, the development of such sultanates of Sarawak, Sambas, Sukadana and Landak tells a similar tale of recruitment among Dayak people.
Other significant Malay sultanates were the Kedah Sultanate (1136–present), Kelantan Sultanate (1411–present), Patani Sultanate (1516–1771), Reman Kingdom (1785–1909) and Legeh Kingdom (1755–1902) that dominated the northern part of the Malay Peninsula. Jambi Sultanate (1460–1907), Palembang Sultanate (1550–1823) and Indragiri Sultanate (1298–1945) controlled much of the southeastern shores of Sumatra. Deli Sultanate (1632–1946), Serdang Sultanate (1728–1948), Langkat Sultanate (1568–1948) and Asahan Sultanate (1630–1948) governed eastern Sumatra. While West Borneo observed the rise of Pontianak Sultanate (1771–1950), Mempawah Sultanate (1740–1950) and Matam Sultanate (1590–1948).
Between 1511 and 1984, numerous Malay kingdoms and sultanates fell under direct colonisation or became the protectorates of different foreign powers, from European colonial powers like Portuguese, Dutch and British, to regional powers like Aceh, Siam and Japan. In 1511, the Portuguese Empire captured the capital city of the Malacca Sultanate. The victorious Portuguese however, were unable to extend their political influence beyond the fort of Malacca. The Sultan maintained his overlordship on the lands outside Malacca and established the Johor Sultanate in 1528 to succeed Malacca. Portuguese Malacca faced several unsuccessful retaliation attacks by Johor until 1614, when the combined forces of Johor and the Dutch Empire, ousted the Portuguese from the peninsula. As per agreement with Johor in 1606, the Dutch later took control of Malacca.
Historically, Malay states of the peninsula had hostile relations with the Siamese. The Malacca Sultanate Itself fought two wars with the Siamese while the northern Malay states came intermittently under Siamese dominance for centuries. In 1771, the Kingdom of Siam under the new Chakri dynasty abolished the Patani Sultanate and later annexed a large part of Kedah Sultanate. Earlier, the Siamese under Ayutthaya Kingdom have had already absorbed Tambralinga and overrun the Singgora Sultanate in the 17th century. Between 1808 and 1813, the Siamese imposed a new administrative structure and created the semi-independent Malay kingdoms of Patani, Saiburi, Nongchik, Yaring, Yala, Reman and Rangae from Greater Patani and similarly obtained Rundung, Kupa, Tongkah, Terang while carving Setul, Langu, Perlis, Kubang Pasu from the Kedah Kingdom in 1839. In 1902, the Siamese stripped the political powers of all the 7 kingdoms of Patani following a planned revolt for independence against the central government. The coup de grâce was cultivated by 1906, when the Siamese redraw the border of the Patani territories and installed a new governance and administrative system.
In 1786, the island of Penang was leased to East India Company by Kedah Sultanate in exchange of military assistance against the Siamese. In 1819, the company also acquired Singapore from Johor Empire, later in 1824, Dutch Malacca from the Dutch, followed by Dindings from Perak by 1874 and finally Labuan from Brunei in 1886. All these trading posts officially known as Straits Settlements in 1826 and became the crown colony of British Empire in 1867. Additionally, the Straits Settlements would also encompass the Indian Ocean islands of Christmas Island and the Cocos Islands in 1886. British intervention in the affairs of Malay states was formalised in 1895, when Malay rulers accepted British Residents in administration, and the Federated Malay States was formed. In 1909, Kedah, Kelantan, Terengganu and Perlis were handed over by Siam to the British. These states along with Johor, later became known as Unfederated Malay States. During the World War II, all these British possessions and protectorates that collectively known as British Malaya were occupied by the Empire of Japan.
The twilight of the vast Bruneian Empire began during the Castille War against the Spanish conquistadors who arrived in the Philippines from Mexico. The war resulted in the end of the empire's dominance in the present-day Philippine Archipelago. The decline further culminated in the 19th century, when the Sultanate lost most of its remaining territories in Borneo to the White Rajahs of Sarawak, North Borneo Chartered Company and its lower Borneo vassals to Dutch East India Company. Brunei was a British protectorate from 1888 to 1984.
Following the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 which divided the Malay Archipelago into a British zone in the north and a Dutch zone in the south, all Malay sultanates in Sumatra and Southern Borneo became part of the Dutch East Indies. Though some of Malay sultans maintain their power under Dutch control, some were abolished by the Dutch government under the accusation of retaliation against the colonial rule, like the case of Palembang Sultanate in 1823, Jambi Sultanate in 1906 and Riau Sultanate in 1911.
In the late 19th century, Germany was aiming to gain a foothold in the Malay Peninsula. They have made a repeated request to Siam on acquiring Langkawi as a naval base, with a possible expansion to the islands of Butong and Teretak since 1899. The plan was largely derived under the scheme of the German Grand Admiral, Alfred von Tirpitz who envisioned Langkawi as a vital-base for Berlin's worldwide submarine cable network. Langkawi was perceived to be ideal, due to its deep natural harbour and a suitable geographical location, between the German Kiautschou Bay in China and its colonies in the Pacific on one side, and German East Africa on the other. The island is also desired as it can act as a point of assembly and restocking for its warship during the times of war. A foothold in Langkawi would also guaranteed a further commercial interest to German private investors to cater the needs of port, a coaling station and the future naval base.
In October 1899, Behn, Meyer & Co acting on behalf of the German colonial government approached the Rajah Muda (Crown Prince) of Kedah to lease the island for 50 years with the sum of 60,000 dollars, as the sultan was ill and unable to attend the meeting. By November 1899, the "Deutsche Uebersee-Gesellschaft" (German Overseas Association) was formed by the German trading and shipping company in order to provide loan amounting to 1,000,000 marks to the sultanate. Nonetheless, the plan has come to a major halt, as the application was dismissed by the Kingdom of Siam. The dismissal was largely derived from the Secret Siamese Treaty of 1897, that has required the consent of the British in order for Siam to lease its territory. The crown prince of Kedah was later summoned to Bangkok by Prince Damrong and was warned not to release any concession to other foreign powers without the agreement of Siam.
A further bid by German was allegedly occurred in 1900, when Germany was purported to have approached the Sultan of Trang & Palien on the possibility of acquiring Pulau Lontar, an island located north of Langkawi. Although this report was dismissed by Prince Dewawongse of Siam
The prospect of a German annexation of the northern peninsula and the potential of its involvement for a commercial canal or railway network across the Isthmus of Kra, posed a serious threat to the British economic interest and political dominance in the region. Severely alarmed, the British and the Siamese entered the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909, partitioning the peninsula between the British and the Siamese jurisdiction.
The Anglo-Siamese Treaty attested that the Siamese to control the upper portion of the peninsular while the lower region was to be held under the British dominance. The British originally planned for the inclusion of Reman, Legeh and Setul under their dominion together with a cluster of northern Malay states. Nonetheless, they only managed to secure Kedah, Kelantan, Terengganu and Perlis under the agreement. The treaty also witnessed the state of Kedah being reduced the most, with Tarutao, Butang islands groups, Sendawa, Langgu and the principality of Setul were all being divorced into the Siamese hands, a similar fate was also followed in northeastern coast of Kelantan that was demanded to renounced their right on the Tabal district, including Sungai Golok and Sungai Padi; while Perlis lost its Pujoh district. Then-British controlled Federated Malay State of Perak however, saw an enlargement of their land area, with southern territories of Reman being transferred into the state and additionally Kelantan received Jeli from Legeh (which had been under Siamese jurisdiction since 1902). The Siamese then abdicated Tunku Baharuddin, the King of Setul, the sole Malay kingdom remained under Siamese territory in 1916. The treaty nonetheless, manage to seal the fate of the Malay states of Kedah, Kelantan, Terengganu and Perlis to retain a degree of their sovereign powers under the British colonial government, a legacy that can be witnessed today in the Malaysian administrative system.
Later during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, British Malaya and Borneo, the Japanese maintained a favourable relationship with the Sultans and other Malay leaders, this is partially composed to foster the trust of the Malay public that was generally loyal towards the sultan. Nonetheless, in a series of massacres known as Pontianak incidents, the Japanese assassinated virtually all of the West Kalimantan Malay sultans, including a large numbers of Malay intelligentsias after they have been falsely accused of planning an uprising and coup d'etat against the Japanese. It was believed that West Kalimantan took two generations to recover from the near-total collapse of the Malay ruling class in the territory.
The earliest and most influential instruments of Malay national awakening were the periodicals which politicised the position of the Malays in the face of colonialism and alien immigration of non-Malays. In spite of repressions imposed by the British colonial government, there were no less than 147 journals and newspapers published in Malaya between 1876 and 1941. Among notable periodicals were Al-Imam (1906), Pengasuh (1920), Majlis (1935) and Utusan Melayu (1939). The rise of Malay nationalism was largely mobilised by three nationalist factions — the radicals distinguishable into the Malay left and the Islamic group which were both opposed to the conservative elites.
The Malay and Malayness has been the fundamental basis for Malay ideology and Malay nationalism in Malaysia. All three Malay nationalist factions believed in the idea of a Bangsa Melayu ('Malay Nation') and the position of Malay language, but disagreed over the role of Islam and Malay rulers. The conservatives supported Malay language, Islam and Malay monarchy as constituting the key pillars of Malayness, but within a secular state that restricted the political role of Islam. The leftists concurred with the secular state but wanted to end feudalism, whereas the Islamic group favoured ending royalty but sought a much larger role of Islam.
Since the foundation of the Republic of Indonesia as a unitary state in 1950, all traditional Malay monarchies in Indonesia were abolished, and the Sultans positions reduced to titular heads or pretenders. The violent demise of the sultanates of Deli, Langkat, Serdang, Asahan and other Malay principalities in East Sumatra during the "Social revolution" of 1946 orchestrated by the Communist Party of Indonesia, drastically influenced their Malayan counterparts and politically motivating them against the PKMM's ideal of Greater Indonesia and the Islamists' vision of Islamic Republic.
In March 1946, UMNO emerged with the full support of the Malay sultans from the Conference of Rulers. The new movement forged a close political link between rulers and subjects never before achieved. It generated an excited Malay public opinion which, together with the surprising political apathy of the non-Malays, led to Britain's abandonment of the radical Malayan Union plan. By July, UMNO succeeded in obtaining an agreement with the British to begin negotiations for a new constitution. Negotiations continued from August to November, between British officials on the one hand, and the Sultans' representatives and UMNO and the other.
Two years later the semi independent Federation of Malaya was born. The new constitutional arrangement largely reverted to the basic pattern of pre-war colonial rule and built on the supremacy of the individual Malay states. Malay rights and privileges were safeguarded. The traditional Malay rulers thus retained their prerogatives, while their English-educated descendants came to occupy positions of authority at the centre, which was being progressively decolonised. In August 1957, the Federation of Malaya, the West's last major dependency in Southeast Asia, attained independence in a peaceful transfer of power. The federation was reconstituted as Malaysia with the addition in 1963 of Singapore (separated in 1965), Sabah and Sarawak.
Federation of Malaya's commemorative stamp issued in 1957. The semi-independent federation was formed in 1948 from nine Malay states and two British Straits Settlements. It achieved independence in 1957.
Culture: Typical qualification that all people groups can't be summed up in small paragraphs and this is an over generalization.
The Malay of Peninusular Malaysia are seen in many levels of society. There are urban Malay who are well educated and hold white collar or government positions, and there are rural Malay who may or may not pursue higher learning and typically occupy jobs such as farming, trading, and fishing. While rural Malay men often wear traditional dress such as a cloth wrap-around skirt, urban Malay men tend to blend into a western setting with their blue jeans, cell phones, and Polo shirts.
While many Malay are now building modern homes, there are still numerous traditional homes within the kampung or village in which Malay people reside. Traditional homes are large in order to have sufficient space for the extended family as custom allows for many generations to reside under one roof. Although the Malay society has undergone a number of social and political changes through education and urbanization, their value orientation is still very much influenced by community. The Malay are a very social people and dependence upon community is considered normal and healthy. Often families will live within close proximity to one another so that help from relatives is easily attained. Kenduri (or party) is a social occasion for an entire community. The Malay women will assist to the hosting home with the cooking and preparations.
Replica of the Malacca Sultanate's Imperial Palace, which was built from information and data obtained from the Malay Annals. This historical document had references to the construction and the architecture of palaces during the era of Sultan Mansur Shah, who ruled from 1458 to 1477.
Cuisine: Different Malay regions are all known for their unique or signature dishes—Pattani, Terengganu and Kelantan for their nasi dagang, nasi kerabu and keropok lekor; Pahang and Perak for its durian-based cuisine, gulai tempoyak; Kedah and Penang for their northern-style asam laksa and rojak; Satun and Perlis for its bunga kuda dessert; Negeri Sembilan for its lemak-based dishes; Malacca for their spicy cincalok; Singapore for their rojak bandung and roti prata; Riau for its ikan patin (Pangasius fish) dishes, gulai ikan patin and asam pedas ikan patin; Riau Islands for their sup ikan; Deli Malays of North Sumatra for their nasi goreng teri medan and gulai ketam; Jambi for its ikan mas panggang and tempoyak; Palembangese Malays of South Sumatra for their pempek, mi celor and nasi minyak; Bangka Belitung for its siput gonggong and terang bulan; West Kalimantan and Sarawak for its bubur pedas and ayam pansuh; Brunei for their nasi katok and unique ambuyat dish; and Cape Malays of South Africa for its bobotie, boeber and koe'sister. The main characteristic in traditional Malay cuisine is undoubtedly the generous use of spices. The coconut milk is also important in giving the Malay dishes their rich, creamy character. The other foundation is belacan (shrimp paste), which is used as a base for sambal, a rich sauce or condiment made from belacan, chillies, onions and garlic. Malay cooking also makes plentiful use of lemongrass and galangal.
Nasi lemak with sotong pedas (spicy squid), sambal chili paste, boiled egg, slices of cucumber, ikan bilis and peanuts served at a restaurant in Penang
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Here are the previous weeks threads on the UPG of the Week for from 2023 (plus a few from 2022 so this one post isn't so lonely). To save some space on these, all UPG posts made 2019-now are here, I will try to keep this current.
a - Tibet belongs to Tibet, not China.
b - Russia/Turkey/etc is Europe but also Asia so...
c - this likely is not the true religion that they worship, but rather they have a mixture of what is listed with other local religions, or they have embraced a liberal drift and are leaving faith entirely but this is their historical faith.
Here is a list of definitions in case you wonder what exactly I mean by words like "Unreached".
Here is a list of missions organizations that reach out to the world to do missions for the Glory of God.
submitted by partypastor to Reformed [link] [comments]
Welcome back to the reformed UPG of the Week!
Gonna leave this here because reddit is still a massive pain these days and it is getting worse to do all this
I wanted to update a few posts every now and then and the Malay one is 5 years old now, so meet the Malay people in Malaysia!
Region: Malaysia
mapStratus Index Ranking (Urgency): 91
It has been noted to me by u/JCmathetes that I should explain this ranking. Low numbers are more urgent, both physically and spiritually together, while high numbers are less urgent. The scale is 1-177, with one number assigned to each country. So basically on a scale from Afghanistan (1) to Finland (177), how urgent are the peoples physical and spiritual needs.
Kuala Lumpur
Sabah, Malaysia
Climate: The local climate is equatorial and characterised by the annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons. The temperature is moderated by the presence of the surrounding oceans. Humidity is usually high, and the average annual rainfall is 250 cm (98 in). The climates of the Peninsula and the East differ, as the climate on the peninsula is directly affected by wind from the mainland, as opposed to the more maritime weather of the East. Local climates can be divided into three regions, highland, lowland, and coastal.
Crocker Mountains in Malaysia
Terrain: Much of Malaysia is coast or rainforest. Its land borders are defined in large part by geological features such as the Perlis River, the Golok River and the Pagalayan Canal, whilst some of the maritime boundaries are the subject of ongoing contention. The two parts of Malaysia, separated from each other by the South China Sea, share a largely similar landscape in that both Peninsular and East Malaysia feature coastal plains rising to hills and mountains. Peninsular Malaysia, containing 40 per cent of Malaysia's land area, extends 740 km (460 mi) from north to south, and its maximum width is 322 km (200 mi). It is divided between its east and west coasts by the Titiwangsa Mountains, rising to a peak elevation of 2,183 metres (7,162 ft) at Mount Korbu, part of a series of mountain ranges running down the centre of the peninsula. These mountains are heavily forested, and mainly composed of granite and other igneous rocks. Much of it has been eroded, creating a karst landscape. The range is the origin of some of Peninsular Malaysia's river systems. The coastal plains surrounding the peninsula reach a maximum width of 50 kilometres (31 mi), and the peninsula's coastline is nearly 1,931 km (1,200 mi) long, although harbours are only available on the western side. East Malaysia, on the island of Borneo, has a coastline of 2,607 km (1,620 mi). It is divided between coastal regions, hills and valleys, and a mountainous interior. The Crocker Range extends northwards from Sarawak, dividing the state of Sabah. It is the location of the 4,095 m (13,435 ft) high Mount Kinabalu, the tallest mountain in Malaysia. Mount Kinabalu is located in the Kinabalu National Park, which is protected as one of the four UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Malaysia. The highest mountain ranges form the border between Malaysia and Indonesia. Sarawak contains the Mulu Caves, the largest cave system in the world, in the Gunung Mulu National Park which is also a World Heritage Site. The largest river in Malaysia is the Rajang. Around these two halves of Malaysia are numerous islands, the largest of which is Banggi.
Mogotes dot along the western edge of the range in Kinta District, Perak.
Wildlife of Malaysia: The wildlife of Malaysia is diverse, with Malaysia being a megadiverse country. Most of the country is covered in rainforest, which hosts a huge diversity of plant and animal species. There are approximately 361 mammal species, 694 bird species, 250 reptile species, and 150 frog species found in Malaysia. Its large marine territory also holds a great diversity of life, with the country's coastal waters comprising part of the Coral Triangle. Peninsular Malaysia holds four big cats: the Indochinese tiger, the Malayan tiger, the Indochinese leopard and also the clouded leopard. Another major predator is the sunbear. Large prey exists, such as the Sumatran rhinoceros, the Malayan tapir, mouse deer, barking deer, sambar deer, wild boar, and Bornean bearded pigs. Gaurs and Asian elephants can also be found. Lowland animals such as these also can be found at higher altitudes, along with animals specialised for mountain living, such as siamang gibbons, red squirrels, and lesser moon rat species. East Malaysia lacks the tigers of the Peninsula, leaving Sunda clouded leopards, sunbears, and Sunda otter civet as the primary predators. Borneo elephants are also found there, along with Bornean orangutans, Mueller's gibbons, macaques, proboscis monkeys, silvered leaf monkeys, langurs, and slow lorises. Marbled cats and leopard cats are smaller predators. Kinabalu ferret-badgers, Kinabalu black shrews, Hose's palm civets, and Brooke's tree squirrels are endemic to the mountains of Borneo. Other small mammals include mongooses and giant rats. 11,300 orangutans are found in East Malaysia. Other ape species include the white-handed gibbon and the siamang. Malaysia has 10 monkey species, divided between langurs and macaques. Proboscis monkeys, the world's largest monkey, are a langur species endemic to Borneo. Macaque species include the crab-eating macaque and the pig-tailed macaque. The Malayan tiger, a close relative of the Indochinese tiger, is endemic to the Malay peninsula with a remaining population of about 300 (250-340). Small cats such as the bay cat and various civet cats are also found. 1200 Asian elephants exist on the Peninsula, with another population existing in East Malaysia. The world's largest cattle species, the seladang, is found in Malaysia. Fruit bats are also found throughout the country, with a high concentration in the Mulu Caves. There are also the Malayan pit viper, king cobras, Dumeril's monitors, Malay water monitors, and estuarine crocodiles. The king cobra is the deadliest snake found, but it is rarely encountered. The reticulated python is said to grow up to 10 metres (33 ft) in length. Monitor lizards, almost 2 metres (7 ft) in length, are found in both halves of the country. They also have a ton of birds.
If it isn't obvious from this list, there are SO many monkeys in Malaysia :(
Indochinese leopard
Environmental Issues: The national statistics showed that the state of some of the Malaysian environment is rather stressful. Urban air quality, river water quality, deforestation, costal reclamation, and endangered species are just a few of the issues in Malaysia.
Languages: Malaysia contains speakers of 137 living languages, 41 of which are found in Peninsula Malaysia.
Malay, Baba Malay, Batek, Chitty Malay, Cheq Wong, Duano’, Jah Hut, Jahai, Jakun, Jedek, Kedah Malay, Kelantan-Pattani Malay, Kenaboi, Kensiu, Kintaq, Kristang, Lanoh, Mah Meri, Minriq, Mintil, Mos, Negeri Sembilan Malay, Orang Kanaq, Orang Seletar, Pahang Malay, Perak Malay, Ple-Temer, Rawa Malay, Sabüm, Semai, Semaq Beri, Semelai, Semnam, Southern Thai, Temiar, Temoq, Temuan, Terengganu Malay, Wila', Abai, Bahau, Bajaw, Belait, Berawan, Biatah, Bintulu, Bonggi, Bookan, Bruneian/Kedayan Malay, Brunei Bisaya, Bukar Sadong, Bukitan, Coastal Kadazan, Cocos Malay, Daro-Matu, Dumpas, Dusun, Eastern Kadazan, Gana’, Iban, Ida'an, Iranun, Jagoi, Jangkang, Kajaman, Kalabakan, Kanowit, Kayan, Kelabit, Kendayan, Keningau Murut, Kinabatangan, Kiput, Klias River Kadazan, Kota Marudu Talantang, Kuijau, Lahanan, Lelak, Lengilu, Lotud, Lun Bawang (Lundayeh), Mainstream Kenyah, Maranao, Melanau, Molbog, Momogun, Murik Kayan, Narom, Nonukan Tidong, Okolod, Paluan, Papar, Punan Batu, Remun, Sa'ban, Sabah Bisaya, Sabah Malay, Sama, Sarawak Malay, Sebop, Sebuyau, Sekapan, Selungai Murut, Sembakung, Seru, Serudung, Sian, Suluk, Sungai, Tagol, Timugon, Tombonuwo, Tring, Tringgus, Tutoh, Ukit, Uma’ Lasan, English, Arabic, Bengali, Cantonese, Hainanese, Hakka, Hokchew, Hokkien, Indonesian, Malayalam, Mandarin Chinese, Punjabi, Sinhala, Tamil, Telugu. The Malay speak Malay
Government Type: Federal parliamentary elective constitutional monarchy
People: Malay in Malaysia
Malaysian womanPopulation: 14,098,000
Estimated Foreign Workers Needed: 282+
Beliefs: The Malay are 0.1% Christian. That means out of their population of 14,098,000, there are roughly 14,098 believers. Thats about 1 believer for every 1000 unbeliever.
Islam was brought to Malaysia by Arabic and Indian traders many centuries ago, and the Malay people have come to embrace and ardently follow the Islamic faith. All Malay people are considered Islamic though levels of devotion to the religion are varied. Even those who half-heartedly follow Islam participate in the fasting month, and the Malay people of affluence will go on the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once if not many times during their lifetime.
The Malay have early roots in Hinduism and traces of this can still be seen in certain aspects of their culture such as weddings. For instance, the bride and groom will paint their hands with henna and will sit upon a platform for hours for the guests to admire.
Another divergence from Islam is the use of a bomoh (witchdoctor). Although Islam forbids the use of such a person, many Malay of Peninsular Malaysia will seek the services of a bomoh when they are experiencing a difficult situation or when they need some "magic." Also, they use bomohs for honorable or ignoble purposes. Furthermore, they consult bomohs in order to receive a blessing or a cure; or, on the other hand, in order to curse someone or get revenge.
Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Mosque in Malaysia
History: There is no definite evidence which dates the first Indian voyages across the Bay of Bengal but conservative estimates place the earliest arrivals on Malay shores at least 2,000 years ago. The discovery of jetty remains, iron smelting sites, and a clay brick monument dating back to 110 CE in the Bujang Valley, shows that a maritime trading route with South Indian Tamil kingdoms was already established since the second century.
The growth of trade with India brought coastal people in much of maritime Southeast Asia into contact with the major religions of Hinduism and Buddhism. Throughout this area a most profound in influence has been exerted by India which seems to have introduced into it architecture, sculpture, writing, monarchy, religion, iron, cotton and a host of elements of higher culture. Indian religions, cultural traditions and Sanskrit began to spread across the land. Hindu temples were built in the Indian style, local kings began referring to themselves as "raja" and more desirable aspects of Indian government were adopted
The beginning of the Common Era saw the rise of Malay states in the coastal areas of the Sumatra and Malay Peninsula; Srivijaya, Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom, Gangga Negara, Langkasuka, Kedah, Pahang, the Melayu Kingdom and Chi Tu. Between the 7th and 13th centuries, many of these small, often prosperous peninsula and Sumatran maritime trading states, became part of the mandala of Srivijaya, a great confederation of city-states centred in Sumatra. Early during this period, the earliest known mention of the word "Malayu" was used in Chinese sources in 644 CE. Later in the mid-14th century, the word Malay was already recognized as a collective people sharing similar heritage, customs and language.
Srivijaya's influence spread over all the coastal areas of Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula, western Java and western Borneo, as well as the rest of the Malay Archipelago. Enjoying both Indian and Chinese patronage, its wealth was gained mostly through trade. At its height, the Old Malay language was used as its official language and became the lingua franca of the region, replacing Sanskrit, the language of Hinduism. The Srivijayan era is considered the golden age of Malay culture.
The glory of Srivijaya however began to wane after the series of raids by the Tamil Chola dynasty in the 11th century. After the fall of Srivijaya in 1025 CE, the Malayu kingdom of Jambi, Sumatra, became the most dominant Malay state of the region. By the end of the 13th century, the remnants of the Malay empire in Sumatra was finally destroyed by the Javanese invaders during the Pamalayu expedition (Pamalayu means "war against the Malays").
In 1299, through the support of the loyal servants of the empire, the Orang laut, a Malay prince of Palembang origin, Sang Nila Utama established the Kingdom of Singapura in Temasek. His dynasty ruled the island kingdom until the end of the 14th century, when the Malay polity once again faced the wrath of Javanese invaders. In 1400, his great-great-grandson, Parameswara, headed north and established the Malacca Sultanate. The new kingdom succeeded Srivijaya and inherited much of the royal and cultural traditions, including a large part of the territories of its predecessor.
In the north of the peninsula, the power vacuum left by the collapse of Srivijaya was filled by the growth of the kingdom of Tambralinga in the 12th century. Between the 13th to early 14th century, the kingdom succeeded to incorporate most of the Malay Peninsula under its mandala. The campaign led by Chandrabhanu Sridhamaraja (1230–1263) managed to capture Jaffna kingdom in Sri Lanka between 1247 and 1258. He was eventually defeated by the forces of the Pandyan dynasty from Tamil Nadu in 1263 and was killed by the brother of Emperor Sadayavarman Sundara Pandyan I. The invasion marked an unrivaled feature in the history of Southeast Asia, it was the only time there was an armed maritime expedition beyond the borders of the region.
The cultivation of Malay polity system also diffused beyond the proper Sumatran-Peninsular border during this era. The age avowed by exploration and migration of the Malays to establish kingdoms beyond the traditional Srivijayan realm. Several exemplification are the enthronement of a Tambralingan prince to reign the Lavo Kingdom in present-day Central Thailand, the foundation of Rajahnate of Cebu in the Visayas and the establishment of the Tanjungpura Kingdom in what is now West Kalimantan, Borneo. The expansion is also eminent as it shaped the ethnogenesis development of the related Acehnese and Banjar people and further spreading the Indian-influenced Malay ethos within the regional sphere.
The period of the 12th and 15th centuries saw the arrival of Islam and the rise of the great port-city of Malacca on the southwestern coast of the Malay Peninsula — two major developments that altered the course of Malay history.
The Islamic faith arrived on the shores of what are now the states of Kedah, Perak, Kelantan and Terengganu, from around the 12th century. The earliest archaeological evidence of Islam from the Malay Peninsula is the Terengganu Inscription Stone dating from the 14th century found in Terengganu state, Malaysia.
By the 15th century, the Malacca Sultanate, whose hegemony reached over much of the western Malay Archipelago, had become the centre of Islamisation in the east. As a Malaccan state religion, Islam brought many great transformation into the Malaccan society and culture, and It became the primary instrument in the evolution of a common Malay identity. The Malaccan era witnessed the close association of Islam with Malay society and how it developed into a definitive marker of Malay identity. Over time, this common Malay cultural idiom came to characterise much of the Malay Archipelago through the Malayisation process. The expansion of Malaccan influence through trade and Dawah brought with it together the Classical Malay language, the Islamic faith, and the Malay Muslim culture; the three core values of Kemelayuan ("Malayness").
In 1511, the Malaccan capital fell into the hands of Portuguese conquistadors. However, Malacca remained an institutional prototype: a paradigm of statecraft and a point of cultural reference for successor states such as Johor Sultanate (1528–present), Perak Sultanate (1528–present), Pahang Sultanate (1470–present), Siak Sri Indrapura Sultanate (1725–1946), Pelalawan Sultanate (1725–1946) and Riau-Lingga Sultanate (1824–1911).
Across the South China Sea in the 14th century, another Malay realm, the Bruneian Empire was on the rise to become the most powerful polity in Borneo. By the middle of the 15th century, Brunei entered into a close relationship with the Malacca Sultanate. The sultan married a Malaccan princess, adopted Islam as the court religion, and introduced an efficient administration modelled on Malacca. Brunei profited from trade with Malacca but gained even greater prosperity after the great Malay port was conquered by the Portuguese in 1511. It reached its golden age in the mid-16th century when it controlled land as far south as present day Kuching in Sarawak, north towards the Philippine Archipelago. The empire broadened its influence in Luzon by defeating Datu Gambang of the Kingdom of Tondo and by founding a satellite state, Kota Seludong in present-day Manila, setting up the Muslim Rajah, Rajah Sulaiman I as a vassal to the Sultanate of Brunei. Brunei also expanded its influence in Mindanao, Philippines when Sultan Bolkiah married Leila Macanai, the daughter of the Sultan of Sulu. However, states like the kingdom of Pangasinan, Rajahnate of Cebu and Kedatuan of Madja-as tried to resist Brunei's and Islam's spread into the Philippines. Brunei's fairly loose river based governmental presence in Borneo projected the process of Malayisation. Fine Malay Muslim cultures, including the language, dress and single-family dwelling were introduced to the natives primarily from ethnic Dayaks, drawing them into the Sultanate. Dayak chiefs were incorporated into the Malay hierarchy, being given the official titles of Datuk, Temenggong and Orang Kaya. In West Borneo, the development of such sultanates of Sarawak, Sambas, Sukadana and Landak tells a similar tale of recruitment among Dayak people.
Other significant Malay sultanates were the Kedah Sultanate (1136–present), Kelantan Sultanate (1411–present), Patani Sultanate (1516–1771), Reman Kingdom (1785–1909) and Legeh Kingdom (1755–1902) that dominated the northern part of the Malay Peninsula. Jambi Sultanate (1460–1907), Palembang Sultanate (1550–1823) and Indragiri Sultanate (1298–1945) controlled much of the southeastern shores of Sumatra. Deli Sultanate (1632–1946), Serdang Sultanate (1728–1948), Langkat Sultanate (1568–1948) and Asahan Sultanate (1630–1948) governed eastern Sumatra. While West Borneo observed the rise of Pontianak Sultanate (1771–1950), Mempawah Sultanate (1740–1950) and Matam Sultanate (1590–1948).
Between 1511 and 1984, numerous Malay kingdoms and sultanates fell under direct colonisation or became the protectorates of different foreign powers, from European colonial powers like Portuguese, Dutch and British, to regional powers like Aceh, Siam and Japan. In 1511, the Portuguese Empire captured the capital city of the Malacca Sultanate. The victorious Portuguese however, were unable to extend their political influence beyond the fort of Malacca. The Sultan maintained his overlordship on the lands outside Malacca and established the Johor Sultanate in 1528 to succeed Malacca. Portuguese Malacca faced several unsuccessful retaliation attacks by Johor until 1614, when the combined forces of Johor and the Dutch Empire, ousted the Portuguese from the peninsula. As per agreement with Johor in 1606, the Dutch later took control of Malacca.
Historically, Malay states of the peninsula had hostile relations with the Siamese. The Malacca Sultanate Itself fought two wars with the Siamese while the northern Malay states came intermittently under Siamese dominance for centuries. In 1771, the Kingdom of Siam under the new Chakri dynasty abolished the Patani Sultanate and later annexed a large part of Kedah Sultanate. Earlier, the Siamese under Ayutthaya Kingdom have had already absorbed Tambralinga and overrun the Singgora Sultanate in the 17th century. Between 1808 and 1813, the Siamese imposed a new administrative structure and created the semi-independent Malay kingdoms of Patani, Saiburi, Nongchik, Yaring, Yala, Reman and Rangae from Greater Patani and similarly obtained Rundung, Kupa, Tongkah, Terang while carving Setul, Langu, Perlis, Kubang Pasu from the Kedah Kingdom in 1839. In 1902, the Siamese stripped the political powers of all the 7 kingdoms of Patani following a planned revolt for independence against the central government. The coup de grâce was cultivated by 1906, when the Siamese redraw the border of the Patani territories and installed a new governance and administrative system.
In 1786, the island of Penang was leased to East India Company by Kedah Sultanate in exchange of military assistance against the Siamese. In 1819, the company also acquired Singapore from Johor Empire, later in 1824, Dutch Malacca from the Dutch, followed by Dindings from Perak by 1874 and finally Labuan from Brunei in 1886. All these trading posts officially known as Straits Settlements in 1826 and became the crown colony of British Empire in 1867. Additionally, the Straits Settlements would also encompass the Indian Ocean islands of Christmas Island and the Cocos Islands in 1886. British intervention in the affairs of Malay states was formalised in 1895, when Malay rulers accepted British Residents in administration, and the Federated Malay States was formed. In 1909, Kedah, Kelantan, Terengganu and Perlis were handed over by Siam to the British. These states along with Johor, later became known as Unfederated Malay States. During the World War II, all these British possessions and protectorates that collectively known as British Malaya were occupied by the Empire of Japan.
The twilight of the vast Bruneian Empire began during the Castille War against the Spanish conquistadors who arrived in the Philippines from Mexico. The war resulted in the end of the empire's dominance in the present-day Philippine Archipelago. The decline further culminated in the 19th century, when the Sultanate lost most of its remaining territories in Borneo to the White Rajahs of Sarawak, North Borneo Chartered Company and its lower Borneo vassals to Dutch East India Company. Brunei was a British protectorate from 1888 to 1984.
Following the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 which divided the Malay Archipelago into a British zone in the north and a Dutch zone in the south, all Malay sultanates in Sumatra and Southern Borneo became part of the Dutch East Indies. Though some of Malay sultans maintain their power under Dutch control, some were abolished by the Dutch government under the accusation of retaliation against the colonial rule, like the case of Palembang Sultanate in 1823, Jambi Sultanate in 1906 and Riau Sultanate in 1911.
In the late 19th century, Germany was aiming to gain a foothold in the Malay Peninsula. They have made a repeated request to Siam on acquiring Langkawi as a naval base, with a possible expansion to the islands of Butong and Teretak since 1899. The plan was largely derived under the scheme of the German Grand Admiral, Alfred von Tirpitz who envisioned Langkawi as a vital-base for Berlin's worldwide submarine cable network. Langkawi was perceived to be ideal, due to its deep natural harbour and a suitable geographical location, between the German Kiautschou Bay in China and its colonies in the Pacific on one side, and German East Africa on the other. The island is also desired as it can act as a point of assembly and restocking for its warship during the times of war. A foothold in Langkawi would also guaranteed a further commercial interest to German private investors to cater the needs of port, a coaling station and the future naval base.
In October 1899, Behn, Meyer & Co acting on behalf of the German colonial government approached the Rajah Muda (Crown Prince) of Kedah to lease the island for 50 years with the sum of 60,000 dollars, as the sultan was ill and unable to attend the meeting. By November 1899, the "Deutsche Uebersee-Gesellschaft" (German Overseas Association) was formed by the German trading and shipping company in order to provide loan amounting to 1,000,000 marks to the sultanate. Nonetheless, the plan has come to a major halt, as the application was dismissed by the Kingdom of Siam. The dismissal was largely derived from the Secret Siamese Treaty of 1897, that has required the consent of the British in order for Siam to lease its territory. The crown prince of Kedah was later summoned to Bangkok by Prince Damrong and was warned not to release any concession to other foreign powers without the agreement of Siam.
A further bid by German was allegedly occurred in 1900, when Germany was purported to have approached the Sultan of Trang & Palien on the possibility of acquiring Pulau Lontar, an island located north of Langkawi. Although this report was dismissed by Prince Dewawongse of Siam
The prospect of a German annexation of the northern peninsula and the potential of its involvement for a commercial canal or railway network across the Isthmus of Kra, posed a serious threat to the British economic interest and political dominance in the region. Severely alarmed, the British and the Siamese entered the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909, partitioning the peninsula between the British and the Siamese jurisdiction.
The Anglo-Siamese Treaty attested that the Siamese to control the upper portion of the peninsular while the lower region was to be held under the British dominance. The British originally planned for the inclusion of Reman, Legeh and Setul under their dominion together with a cluster of northern Malay states. Nonetheless, they only managed to secure Kedah, Kelantan, Terengganu and Perlis under the agreement. The treaty also witnessed the state of Kedah being reduced the most, with Tarutao, Butang islands groups, Sendawa, Langgu and the principality of Setul were all being divorced into the Siamese hands, a similar fate was also followed in northeastern coast of Kelantan that was demanded to renounced their right on the Tabal district, including Sungai Golok and Sungai Padi; while Perlis lost its Pujoh district. Then-British controlled Federated Malay State of Perak however, saw an enlargement of their land area, with southern territories of Reman being transferred into the state and additionally Kelantan received Jeli from Legeh (which had been under Siamese jurisdiction since 1902). The Siamese then abdicated Tunku Baharuddin, the King of Setul, the sole Malay kingdom remained under Siamese territory in 1916. The treaty nonetheless, manage to seal the fate of the Malay states of Kedah, Kelantan, Terengganu and Perlis to retain a degree of their sovereign powers under the British colonial government, a legacy that can be witnessed today in the Malaysian administrative system.
Later during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, British Malaya and Borneo, the Japanese maintained a favourable relationship with the Sultans and other Malay leaders, this is partially composed to foster the trust of the Malay public that was generally loyal towards the sultan. Nonetheless, in a series of massacres known as Pontianak incidents, the Japanese assassinated virtually all of the West Kalimantan Malay sultans, including a large numbers of Malay intelligentsias after they have been falsely accused of planning an uprising and coup d'etat against the Japanese. It was believed that West Kalimantan took two generations to recover from the near-total collapse of the Malay ruling class in the territory.
The earliest and most influential instruments of Malay national awakening were the periodicals which politicised the position of the Malays in the face of colonialism and alien immigration of non-Malays. In spite of repressions imposed by the British colonial government, there were no less than 147 journals and newspapers published in Malaya between 1876 and 1941. Among notable periodicals were Al-Imam (1906), Pengasuh (1920), Majlis (1935) and Utusan Melayu (1939). The rise of Malay nationalism was largely mobilised by three nationalist factions — the radicals distinguishable into the Malay left and the Islamic group which were both opposed to the conservative elites.
The Malay and Malayness has been the fundamental basis for Malay ideology and Malay nationalism in Malaysia. All three Malay nationalist factions believed in the idea of a Bangsa Melayu ('Malay Nation') and the position of Malay language, but disagreed over the role of Islam and Malay rulers. The conservatives supported Malay language, Islam and Malay monarchy as constituting the key pillars of Malayness, but within a secular state that restricted the political role of Islam. The leftists concurred with the secular state but wanted to end feudalism, whereas the Islamic group favoured ending royalty but sought a much larger role of Islam.
Since the foundation of the Republic of Indonesia as a unitary state in 1950, all traditional Malay monarchies in Indonesia were abolished, and the Sultans positions reduced to titular heads or pretenders. The violent demise of the sultanates of Deli, Langkat, Serdang, Asahan and other Malay principalities in East Sumatra during the "Social revolution" of 1946 orchestrated by the Communist Party of Indonesia, drastically influenced their Malayan counterparts and politically motivating them against the PKMM's ideal of Greater Indonesia and the Islamists' vision of Islamic Republic.
In March 1946, UMNO emerged with the full support of the Malay sultans from the Conference of Rulers. The new movement forged a close political link between rulers and subjects never before achieved. It generated an excited Malay public opinion which, together with the surprising political apathy of the non-Malays, led to Britain's abandonment of the radical Malayan Union plan. By July, UMNO succeeded in obtaining an agreement with the British to begin negotiations for a new constitution. Negotiations continued from August to November, between British officials on the one hand, and the Sultans' representatives and UMNO and the other.
Two years later the semi independent Federation of Malaya was born. The new constitutional arrangement largely reverted to the basic pattern of pre-war colonial rule and built on the supremacy of the individual Malay states. Malay rights and privileges were safeguarded. The traditional Malay rulers thus retained their prerogatives, while their English-educated descendants came to occupy positions of authority at the centre, which was being progressively decolonised. In August 1957, the Federation of Malaya, the West's last major dependency in Southeast Asia, attained independence in a peaceful transfer of power. The federation was reconstituted as Malaysia with the addition in 1963 of Singapore (separated in 1965), Sabah and Sarawak.
Federation of Malaya's commemorative stamp issued in 1957. The semi-independent federation was formed in 1948 from nine Malay states and two British Straits Settlements. It achieved independence in 1957.
Culture: Typical qualification that all people groups can't be summed up in small paragraphs and this is an over generalization.
The Malay of Peninusular Malaysia are seen in many levels of society. There are urban Malay who are well educated and hold white collar or government positions, and there are rural Malay who may or may not pursue higher learning and typically occupy jobs such as farming, trading, and fishing. While rural Malay men often wear traditional dress such as a cloth wrap-around skirt, urban Malay men tend to blend into a western setting with their blue jeans, cell phones, and Polo shirts.
While many Malay are now building modern homes, there are still numerous traditional homes within the kampung or village in which Malay people reside. Traditional homes are large in order to have sufficient space for the extended family as custom allows for many generations to reside under one roof. Although the Malay society has undergone a number of social and political changes through education and urbanization, their value orientation is still very much influenced by community. The Malay are a very social people and dependence upon community is considered normal and healthy. Often families will live within close proximity to one another so that help from relatives is easily attained. Kenduri (or party) is a social occasion for an entire community. The Malay women will assist to the hosting home with the cooking and preparations.
Replica of the Malacca Sultanate's Imperial Palace, which was built from information and data obtained from the Malay Annals. This historical document had references to the construction and the architecture of palaces during the era of Sultan Mansur Shah, who ruled from 1458 to 1477.
Cuisine: Different Malay regions are all known for their unique or signature dishes—Pattani, Terengganu and Kelantan for their nasi dagang, nasi kerabu and keropok lekor; Pahang and Perak for its durian-based cuisine, gulai tempoyak; Kedah and Penang for their northern-style asam laksa and rojak; Satun and Perlis for its bunga kuda dessert; Negeri Sembilan for its lemak-based dishes; Malacca for their spicy cincalok; Singapore for their rojak bandung and roti prata; Riau for its ikan patin (Pangasius fish) dishes, gulai ikan patin and asam pedas ikan patin; Riau Islands for their sup ikan; Deli Malays of North Sumatra for their nasi goreng teri medan and gulai ketam; Jambi for its ikan mas panggang and tempoyak; Palembangese Malays of South Sumatra for their pempek, mi celor and nasi minyak; Bangka Belitung for its siput gonggong and terang bulan; West Kalimantan and Sarawak for its bubur pedas and ayam pansuh; Brunei for their nasi katok and unique ambuyat dish; and Cape Malays of South Africa for its bobotie, boeber and koe'sister. The main characteristic in traditional Malay cuisine is undoubtedly the generous use of spices. The coconut milk is also important in giving the Malay dishes their rich, creamy character. The other foundation is belacan (shrimp paste), which is used as a base for sambal, a rich sauce or condiment made from belacan, chillies, onions and garlic. Malay cooking also makes plentiful use of lemongrass and galangal.
Nasi lemak with sotong pedas (spicy squid), sambal chili paste, boiled egg, slices of cucumber, ikan bilis and peanuts served at a restaurant in Penang
Prayer Request:
- Ask the Lord to call people who are willing to go to Malaysia and share the love of Christ with the Malay.
- Pray that the Malay people will hear the gospel and discover that Jesus Christ can wash away their sins.
- Ask God to raise up prayer teams who will being faithfully interceding for these precious people.
- Pray that believers will tactfully share gospel recordings and play Christian radio broadcasts for Malay people.
- Pray that the Holy Spirit will give faith to the Malay.
- Pray that strong local churches will be raised up among the Malay.
- Pray that existing Christian Malay may be obedient in proclaiming the Good News of Jesus Christ.
- Pray that in this time of an upcoming election and insanity that the needs of the unreached are not forgotten by the church. Pray that our hearts continue to ache to see the unreached hear the Good News.
- Pray for our nation (the United States), that we Christians can learn to come alongside our hurting brothers and sisters and learn to carry one another's burdens in a more Christlike manner than we have done historically.
- Pray against Putin and his insane little war.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Here are the previous weeks threads on the UPG of the Week for from 2023 (plus a few from 2022 so this one post isn't so lonely). To save some space on these, all UPG posts made 2019-now are here, I will try to keep this current.
| People Group | Country | Continent | Date Posted | Beliefs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malay (updated) | Malaysia | Asia | 05/27/2024 | Islam |
| Jewish Peoples | USA | North America | 05/06/2024 | Judaism |
| Jordanian Arab | Jordan | Asia | 04/29/2024 | Islam |
| Bouyei | China | Asia | 04/22/2024 | Animism |
| Arab Libyans | Libya | Africa | 03/25/2024 | Islam |
| Gafsa Amazigh | Tunisia | Africa | 03/18/2024 | Islam |
| Hindi | South Africa | Africa | 03/04/2024 | Hinduism |
| Arabs | Iraq | Asia | 02/26/2024 | Islam |
| Bagirmi Fulani | Central African Republic | Africa | 02/12/2024 | Islam |
| Gujarati | Portugal | Europe | 02/05/2024 | Hinduism |
| Western Cham | Cambodia | Asia | 01/29/2024 | Islamc |
| Yadav | India | Asia | 01/22/2024 | Hinduism |
| Thai (updated) | Thailand | Asia | 12/18/2023 | Buddhism |
| Bayad | Mongolia | Asia | 12/11/2023 | Buddhism |
| Bedouin (Suafa) | Algeria | Africa | 12/04/2023 | Islam |
| Aboriginal (Reached) | Australia | Oceania | 11/27/2023 | Christian |
b - Russia/Turkey/etc is Europe but also Asia so...
c - this likely is not the true religion that they worship, but rather they have a mixture of what is listed with other local religions, or they have embraced a liberal drift and are leaving faith entirely but this is their historical faith.
Here is a list of definitions in case you wonder what exactly I mean by words like "Unreached".
Here is a list of missions organizations that reach out to the world to do missions for the Glory of God.
2024.05.25 02:18 ebimars Ten Most common foods in Indonesia
Indonesia is a socially rich country that is brimming with magnificence and pageantry, which will leave anybody in wonderment at the neighborliness and generosity of its residents.
On the off chance that you want motivation to visit here, food would be an incredible one!! The roads here are weighed down with heaps of finger licking' and lip-smacking great food, making any traveler or guest return for more! The staple food of Indonesians being rice, you will get different dishes with the Rice being its spirit.
A large dish of rice sits at the center of the platter in a typical Indonesian household. It is surrounded by a spicy mixture of vegetables, a variety of meat and seafood cooked with authentic Indonesian spices, and the rice.
Indonesia being home to a huge Muslim people group, and many spots serve the 'Halal' type of meat and limit pork dishes as it is prohibited to eat according to the Muslim strict principles. In any case, a few areas of Indonesia truly do serve non-Halal meat and pork too.
The national dish of Indonesia is bound to be sold on every “Warung” – the street stalls or the “Rumah Makan” – the restaurants of Indonesia. It has everything in it.
In Indonesia wholesome dish serves fried rice in combination with chicken meat, boiled eggs slices, shrimp, lamb, and crabs, diced vegetables like carrots, bell peppers, stink beans, tomatoes, shallots, ginger, and garlic, and flavored with rich spices and sauces like soy sauce, chilly red sauce or the traditional “kecap”. It is garnished with egg or tomato slices, a dash of lemon juice, and crispy Indonesian snacks called Krupuk crackers.
Places where satay is served: Jakarta and other parts of Indoesia. Time when Satay can be served: Between 6:30 to 22:00 WIB(West Indonesia Time)
Chicken is one of the most versatile meats on the planet, and satay is an almost emblematic food of Jakarta and Indonesia. Satay is a dish where chicken marinated with sweet soy sauce is put on skewers and barbequed until it is grilled to perfection. It is served with peanut sauce topped with garlic flakes and serves as a good appetizer. The satays are made normally from meat, but beef, chicken, lamb, turtle meat, fish, and pork are also used for their different variations. Try these saucy-dipped skewers garnished with fried crispy onions, and you will never forget Indonesia for such a delightful treat. The secret of this flavorful taste is the typical Indonesian style of grilling Satay over the burning charcoals.
Places where satay is served: Sate Padang Ajo Ramon, Kota Jakarta Selatan Time when Satay can be served: Between 16:00 to 22:00 WIB(West Indonesia Time)
This is the epitome of all porridges. It is a porridge with fried crackers, fried soybeans, tofu, and finely shredded chicken. Adding chicken broth gives it a new taste of flavor.
Places where Bubur is served: Bubur ayam barito, Kota Jakarta Selatan Time when Bubur can be served: Between 16:30 to 23:30 WIB(West Indonesia Time)
Martabak is the Indonesian version of a pancake stuffed with tons of toppings like Toblerone, peanuts, Nutella, chocolate sprinkles, butter, cheese, and condensed milk. The pancake is folded in half and cut through evenly such that the toppings remain in the middle, causing the flavors to explode and leaving you in a state of contentment, making you savor every bite of this dessert. This food in Jakarta was originally brought around by the immigrant Muslim population from the Indian subcontinent and has taken over the food scene in Indonesia by storm.
Places where Martabak is served: Martabak boss, Wahid hasyim street Time when Martabak can be served: Between 11:00 to 22:30 WIB(West Indonesia Time)
This is a rich food in indonesia especially in Jakarta, which one has to try when they go to Jakarta and is a culinary experience not-to-be-missed! Different vegetables, like Peppers, Onions, etc., are cooked in sweet coconut milk to prepare varieties of curries. Different Indonesian herbs and spices are also added to give each curry a unique and yummylicious taste. It is a good combination of rice and flavorful curries to be eaten together. An assortment of around 14 to 16 dishes is kept, and you only pay for what you eat!
Places where Nasi Padang is served: Rumah Makan Sederhana(Simple Reastuarant), Melawai Time when Nasi Padang can be served: Between 11:00 to 22:30 WIB(West Indonesia Time).
This can aslo be called grilled fish in English. You can select a fish of your choice, then it is marinated with turmeric, chili, and garlic sauces, among other seasonings. It is then smoked with charcoal to make the fish gain a charred taste. The meat is tender and succulent, causing it to melt in your mouth. It is usually served with sambal.
Places where Ikan Bakar is served: Ikan babar cianjur, Cipete Time when Ikan Bakar can be served: Between 10:00 to 22:30 WIB(West Indonesia Time).
Food in Indonesia is decadent, rich, and always filling, and Ketoprak is a one example of this rich food of Indonesia. This dish comprises rice balls, tofu, vegetables, and rice noodles to which an omelet or boiled egg is added. It is topped with fried crackers, peanut,s and soy sauce.You can go to Glodok to the intersection of Jalan Pancoran and Jalan Kemenangan, a food market is there where you can find amazing Ketoprak
Places where Ikan Ketoprak is served: Ketoprak Ciragil, Kebayoran Baru (opens 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM); Time when Ketoprak can be served: Between 09:00 to 17:30 WIB(West Indonesia Time).
Beef Ribs as an appetizer. Massive chunks of beef holding onto the ribs are grilled to perfection and served with a rich, creamy peanut sauce and beef broth. The meat is tender and falls right off the bone. Rice can also be had with it as a supplement.This scrumptious food of Jakarta works wonders
Places where Beef Ribs is served: Sop Konro Karebosi Kelapa Gading, Kota Jkt Utara Time when Beef Ribs can be served: Between 10:00 to 22:30 WIB(West Indonesia Time).
Mud crabs is served in various forms , such as smoked mud crabs, salted egg crabs, and chili crabs, are available in Jakarta. The smoked mud crab is first fried in onion, ginger, egg, different sauces, and coconut milk. It's wrapped in banana leaves and smoked to infuse the charred taste into the crab. Truly, a mouthwatering dish!
Places where Mud Crabs is served: Wiro Sableng, Kelapa Gading Time when Mud Crabs can be served: Between 10:00 to 22:30 WIB(West Indonesia Time).
Mie Ayam is good for breakfast option. This is chicken noodles tossed in with loads of other vegetables, garlic, chili, and peanut sauces. This is a specialty of the locals and something that you should definitely look out for.
Places where Mie Ayam is served: Jalan Pluit Karang Timur Blok, Penjaringan Time when Mie Ayam can be served: Between 06:30 to 22:00 WIB(West Indonesia Time).Indonesia is a socially rich country that is brimming with magnificence and pageantry, which will leave anybody in wonderment at the neighborliness and generosity of its residents.
On the off chance that you want motivation to visit here, food would be an incredible one!! The roads here are weighed down with heaps of finger licking' and lip-smacking great food, making any traveler or guest return for more! The staple food of Indonesians being rice, you will get different dishes with the Rice being its spirit.
A large dish of rice sits at the center of the platter in a typical Indonesian household. It is surrounded by a spicy mixture of vegetables, a variety of meat and seafood cooked with authentic Indonesian spices, and the rice.
Indonesia being home to a huge Muslim people group, and many spots serve the 'Halal' type of meat and limit pork dishes as it is prohibited to eat according to the Muslim strict principles. In any case, a few areas of Indonesia truly do serve non-Halal meat and pork too.
The national dish of Indonesia is bound to be sold on every “Warung” – the street stalls or the “Rumah Makan” – the restaurants of Indonesia. It has everything in it.
submitted by ebimars to u/ebimars [link] [comments]
On the off chance that you want motivation to visit here, food would be an incredible one!! The roads here are weighed down with heaps of finger licking' and lip-smacking great food, making any traveler or guest return for more! The staple food of Indonesians being rice, you will get different dishes with the Rice being its spirit.
A large dish of rice sits at the center of the platter in a typical Indonesian household. It is surrounded by a spicy mixture of vegetables, a variety of meat and seafood cooked with authentic Indonesian spices, and the rice.
Indonesia being home to a huge Muslim people group, and many spots serve the 'Halal' type of meat and limit pork dishes as it is prohibited to eat according to the Muslim strict principles. In any case, a few areas of Indonesia truly do serve non-Halal meat and pork too.
The national dish of Indonesia is bound to be sold on every “Warung” – the street stalls or the “Rumah Makan” – the restaurants of Indonesia. It has everything in it.
1. Nasi Goreng (Indonesian Fried Rice)
Nasi Goreng (Indonesian Fried Rice)In Indonesia wholesome dish serves fried rice in combination with chicken meat, boiled eggs slices, shrimp, lamb, and crabs, diced vegetables like carrots, bell peppers, stink beans, tomatoes, shallots, ginger, and garlic, and flavored with rich spices and sauces like soy sauce, chilly red sauce or the traditional “kecap”. It is garnished with egg or tomato slices, a dash of lemon juice, and crispy Indonesian snacks called Krupuk crackers.
Places where satay is served: Jakarta and other parts of Indoesia. Time when Satay can be served: Between 6:30 to 22:00 WIB(West Indonesia Time)
2. Satay
SatayChicken is one of the most versatile meats on the planet, and satay is an almost emblematic food of Jakarta and Indonesia. Satay is a dish where chicken marinated with sweet soy sauce is put on skewers and barbequed until it is grilled to perfection. It is served with peanut sauce topped with garlic flakes and serves as a good appetizer. The satays are made normally from meat, but beef, chicken, lamb, turtle meat, fish, and pork are also used for their different variations. Try these saucy-dipped skewers garnished with fried crispy onions, and you will never forget Indonesia for such a delightful treat. The secret of this flavorful taste is the typical Indonesian style of grilling Satay over the burning charcoals.
Places where satay is served: Sate Padang Ajo Ramon, Kota Jakarta Selatan Time when Satay can be served: Between 16:00 to 22:00 WIB(West Indonesia Time)
3. Bubur Ayam (Chicken Congee)
Bubur Ayam (Chicken Congee)This is the epitome of all porridges. It is a porridge with fried crackers, fried soybeans, tofu, and finely shredded chicken. Adding chicken broth gives it a new taste of flavor.
Places where Bubur is served: Bubur ayam barito, Kota Jakarta Selatan Time when Bubur can be served: Between 16:30 to 23:30 WIB(West Indonesia Time)
4. Martabak (Stuffed Pancake)
Martabak (Stuffed PancakeMartabak is the Indonesian version of a pancake stuffed with tons of toppings like Toblerone, peanuts, Nutella, chocolate sprinkles, butter, cheese, and condensed milk. The pancake is folded in half and cut through evenly such that the toppings remain in the middle, causing the flavors to explode and leaving you in a state of contentment, making you savor every bite of this dessert. This food in Jakarta was originally brought around by the immigrant Muslim population from the Indian subcontinent and has taken over the food scene in Indonesia by storm.
Places where Martabak is served: Martabak boss, Wahid hasyim street Time when Martabak can be served: Between 11:00 to 22:30 WIB(West Indonesia Time)
5. Nasi Padang
Nasi PadangThis is a rich food in indonesia especially in Jakarta, which one has to try when they go to Jakarta and is a culinary experience not-to-be-missed! Different vegetables, like Peppers, Onions, etc., are cooked in sweet coconut milk to prepare varieties of curries. Different Indonesian herbs and spices are also added to give each curry a unique and yummylicious taste. It is a good combination of rice and flavorful curries to be eaten together. An assortment of around 14 to 16 dishes is kept, and you only pay for what you eat!
Places where Nasi Padang is served: Rumah Makan Sederhana(Simple Reastuarant), Melawai Time when Nasi Padang can be served: Between 11:00 to 22:30 WIB(West Indonesia Time).
6. Ikan Bakar (Barbecued Fish)
Ikan Bakar (Barbecued Fish)This can aslo be called grilled fish in English. You can select a fish of your choice, then it is marinated with turmeric, chili, and garlic sauces, among other seasonings. It is then smoked with charcoal to make the fish gain a charred taste. The meat is tender and succulent, causing it to melt in your mouth. It is usually served with sambal.
Places where Ikan Bakar is served: Ikan babar cianjur, Cipete Time when Ikan Bakar can be served: Between 10:00 to 22:30 WIB(West Indonesia Time).
7. Ketoprak (Vermicelli Tofu Salad)
Ketoprak (Vermicelli Tofu Salad)Food in Indonesia is decadent, rich, and always filling, and Ketoprak is a one example of this rich food of Indonesia. This dish comprises rice balls, tofu, vegetables, and rice noodles to which an omelet or boiled egg is added. It is topped with fried crackers, peanut,s and soy sauce.You can go to Glodok to the intersection of Jalan Pancoran and Jalan Kemenangan, a food market is there where you can find amazing Ketoprak
Places where Ikan Ketoprak is served: Ketoprak Ciragil, Kebayoran Baru (opens 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM); Time when Ketoprak can be served: Between 09:00 to 17:30 WIB(West Indonesia Time).
8. Beef Ribs
Beef RibsBeef Ribs as an appetizer. Massive chunks of beef holding onto the ribs are grilled to perfection and served with a rich, creamy peanut sauce and beef broth. The meat is tender and falls right off the bone. Rice can also be had with it as a supplement.This scrumptious food of Jakarta works wonders
Places where Beef Ribs is served: Sop Konro Karebosi Kelapa Gading, Kota Jkt Utara Time when Beef Ribs can be served: Between 10:00 to 22:30 WIB(West Indonesia Time).
9. Mud Crabs
Mud CrabsMud crabs is served in various forms , such as smoked mud crabs, salted egg crabs, and chili crabs, are available in Jakarta. The smoked mud crab is first fried in onion, ginger, egg, different sauces, and coconut milk. It's wrapped in banana leaves and smoked to infuse the charred taste into the crab. Truly, a mouthwatering dish!
Places where Mud Crabs is served: Wiro Sableng, Kelapa Gading Time when Mud Crabs can be served: Between 10:00 to 22:30 WIB(West Indonesia Time).
10. Mie Ayam (Indonesian Ramen)
Bubur Ayam (Chicken Congee)Mie Ayam is good for breakfast option. This is chicken noodles tossed in with loads of other vegetables, garlic, chili, and peanut sauces. This is a specialty of the locals and something that you should definitely look out for.
Places where Mie Ayam is served: Jalan Pluit Karang Timur Blok, Penjaringan Time when Mie Ayam can be served: Between 06:30 to 22:00 WIB(West Indonesia Time).Indonesia is a socially rich country that is brimming with magnificence and pageantry, which will leave anybody in wonderment at the neighborliness and generosity of its residents.
On the off chance that you want motivation to visit here, food would be an incredible one!! The roads here are weighed down with heaps of finger licking' and lip-smacking great food, making any traveler or guest return for more! The staple food of Indonesians being rice, you will get different dishes with the Rice being its spirit.
A large dish of rice sits at the center of the platter in a typical Indonesian household. It is surrounded by a spicy mixture of vegetables, a variety of meat and seafood cooked with authentic Indonesian spices, and the rice.
Indonesia being home to a huge Muslim people group, and many spots serve the 'Halal' type of meat and limit pork dishes as it is prohibited to eat according to the Muslim strict principles. In any case, a few areas of Indonesia truly do serve non-Halal meat and pork too.
The national dish of Indonesia is bound to be sold on every “Warung” – the street stalls or the “Rumah Makan” – the restaurants of Indonesia. It has everything in it.
2024.04.09 02:02 stevenzx33 Apakah food blapshemy yang pernah kalian makan ?
Kemarin baru makan nasi+ natto dengan lauk sambal lalapan
submitted by stevenzx33 to indonesia [link] [comments]
2024.04.07 23:19 SambelPecelBuKarmi Makanan ini namanya apa?
 | Dulu sering makan, tp gak tau namanya. Jaman ngekos, kadang dipake lauk nasi (I know, been there in a miserable life). Jd ini snack kering kriuk2 trus di dalemnya ada abonnya. submitted by SambelPecelBuKarmi to indonesia [link] [comments] |
2024.04.06 14:13 lightningcold69 👩☕ hahahahahahaha
 | submitted by lightningcold69 to Bolehland [link] [comments] |
2024.04.06 12:09 Klutzy_Ebb75 Woman ☕
 | submitted by Klutzy_Ebb75 to Bolehland [link] [comments] |
2024.03.27 12:26 Harizia96 Lauk berbuka
 | Nasi goreng & ayam goreng… lauk simple because hujung bulan.. selamat berbuka peeps submitted by Harizia96 to MalaysianFood [link] [comments] |
2024.03.24 06:10 sumpitsakit Paling tidak masuk akal pedagang tahu, gak ada soal malah dah nanya jawaban “tahu, bu?”
 | submitted by sumpitsakit to ondonesia [link] [comments] |
2024.03.24 06:09 verr998 Paling tidak masuk akal pedagang tahu, gak ada soal malah dah nanya jawaban “tahu, bu?”
| | submitted by verr998 to indonesia [link] [comments] |
2024.03.20 03:37 TrifleApprehensive53 I need some advice for weight loss during ramadhan
Hello Nyets! I need your help, i aim to loose my weight during ramadhan seasons and it seems not working at all! My break fast routine for everyday are 1 pinggan of nasi + lauk (ayam + sayur) + watermelon. (Sometimes i eat murtabak/onde²). The drinks are mostly coconut/ air tebu. For sahur i only drink plain water and start my day at work as site supervisor. Can you give me any advice for this? I am hoping for this raya i can do my glowups. I very much appriciate it, TQ😢🙏🙏
(UPDATE: I'M USING THE PORTION TECHNIQUE AND IT WORKED!) I have tried you guys punya opinion. Memang jadi janda! I went from 89kg to 85.6kg by eating proportionate diet (More veges and less nasi) and I completely cut out air manis². But my struggle is that friends and family members sometimes invite me to iftar bersama² (mostly at buffet restaurant) and I need to eat mee or nasi sikit lauk banyak. Thanks for the tips btw finally my baju raya muat dah😭
submitted by TrifleApprehensive53 to Bolehland [link] [comments]
(UPDATE: I'M USING THE PORTION TECHNIQUE AND IT WORKED!) I have tried you guys punya opinion. Memang jadi janda! I went from 89kg to 85.6kg by eating proportionate diet (More veges and less nasi) and I completely cut out air manis². But my struggle is that friends and family members sometimes invite me to iftar bersama² (mostly at buffet restaurant) and I need to eat mee or nasi sikit lauk banyak. Thanks for the tips btw finally my baju raya muat dah😭
2024.03.16 12:53 BuletinTerlambat Roti Telur price is now....
 | 🥹😥.. price increase so much submitted by BuletinTerlambat to MalaysianFood [link] [comments] |
2024.02.28 13:55 monchim Beras Lembik
Hai kamurang.
Boleh ka recommend jenama beras yg kamu makan sekarang. Beberapa tahun lalu, kami pakai beras cap roda, nda tau la kenapa, tiba2 beli karung baru, beras tu lembik pula. Next batch, beli lagi cap roda, sama juga ya, lembik ya ampun. Kalau kasi kurang airnya, dia mentah. Bila di steam, dia lembik macam bubur. .
Lepas tu kami ubah beli jenama Merlin. Okay saja pakai beberapa tahun ni. Tapi bulan ni beli jenama Merlin ni lagi, akhirnya sama pula takdirnya berubah menjadi jenis lembik juga macam cap roda. Saya try kurangkan airnya dia mentah, bila di steam dia macam bubur. same thing ba happened. .
Please dont tell me I am the only one yang macam ni. Mau gila suda. Saya rindu mau masak nasi goreng. Please help.
submitted by monchim to Sabah [link] [comments]
Boleh ka recommend jenama beras yg kamu makan sekarang. Beberapa tahun lalu, kami pakai beras cap roda, nda tau la kenapa, tiba2 beli karung baru, beras tu lembik pula. Next batch, beli lagi cap roda, sama juga ya, lembik ya ampun. Kalau kasi kurang airnya, dia mentah. Bila di steam, dia lembik macam bubur. .
Lepas tu kami ubah beli jenama Merlin. Okay saja pakai beberapa tahun ni. Tapi bulan ni beli jenama Merlin ni lagi, akhirnya sama pula takdirnya berubah menjadi jenis lembik juga macam cap roda. Saya try kurangkan airnya dia mentah, bila di steam dia macam bubur. same thing ba happened. .
Please dont tell me I am the only one yang macam ni. Mau gila suda. Saya rindu mau masak nasi goreng. Please help.
2024.02.22 18:53 Fizota Embrace the Charm of Jakarta: Your Next Unforgettable Travel Destination
 | Hey there, fellow traveler! Have you ever thought about visiting Jakarta? If not, let me tell you, you’re missing out! This bustling capital city of Indonesia is like a treasure chest full of exciting experiences just waiting to be discovered. submitted by Fizota to u/Fizota [link] [comments] Why Jakarta?So, why should Jakarta be on your travel bucket list? Well, it’s not just another city. It’s a place where cultures collide, where the city never sleeps, and where tradition meets modernity. From the historic old town, Kota Tua, to the towering skyscrapers in the business district, Jakarta is a city of contrasts that promises an unforgettable travel experience. Photo by Anisetus Palma on Unsplash Unique Experiences in JakartaHistorical SitesJakarta is like a living museum, with numerous historical sites that offer a glimpse into the city’s rich history and diverse culture. Take the National Monument (Monas), for instance. It’s a must-visit landmark that symbolizes the struggle for Indonesian independence. Photo by Affan Fadhlan on Unsplash And let’s not forget about the food! Jakarta’s culinary scene is as diverse as its culture. The city offers a wide range of local and international cuisines that will satisfy any palate. And the local street food? It’s a culinary adventure in itself! Shopping Spree For all you shopaholics out there, Jakarta has got you covered. From high-end shopping malls to traditional markets, the city has something for every budget. Food and Culture in Jakarta Now, let’s talk about food. Jakarta’s food culture is a testament to the city’s melting pot of cultures. Here are some traditional dishes that you must try when you visit Jakarta: Nasi Goreng First up, we have Nasi Goreng or Indonesian Fried Rice. This wholesome dish is a staple in Jakarta and is packed with flavours that will make your taste buds dance! Image by mahyuk0 from Pixabay Satay Next, we have Satay. Imagine chicken marinated with sweet soy sauce, put on skewers, and barbequed until it’s grilled to perfection. It’s served with peanut sauce topped with garlic flakes and serves as a good appetizer. Image by Sherra Triarosdiana from Pixabay Bubur Ayam Then there’s Bubur Ayam or Chicken Congee. It’s a porridge loaded with fried crackers, fried soybeans, tofu, and finely shredded chicken. https://preview.redd.it/tfbfplnyc6kc1.jpg?width=1500&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=399da45f899f9bf2d4871228860dc363ac3dd1da Kerak Telor Kerak Telor is a spicy omelette dish that is one of Jakarta’s traditional foods. Image by mhburton from Pixabay Gabus Pucung And last but not least, we have Gabus Pucung. It’s a dish of fried snake-head fish served in black broth soup. Traditional Markets For a taste of local culture, make sure to visit one of Jakarta’s traditional markets. These markets are buzzing with activity and are a great place to sample local food and buy traditional handicrafts. Photo by Eka Sariwati on Unsplash Cultural Performances And did I mention that Jakarta is known for its vibrant arts scene? Traditional music, dance, and theatre performances are held regularly throughout the city, offering visitors a chance to experience Indonesia’s rich cultural heritage. Remember, these are just a few examples. Jakarta’s food scene is diverse and ever-evolving, offering a culinary adventure at every turn. For a more comprehensive food journey, consider booking a food tour with Fizota.com to explore Jakarta’s culinary landscape. Best Time to Visit Jakarta is a year-round destination, but the best time to visit is during the dry season, which runs from June to September. During these months, the weather is ideal for exploring the city and participating in outdoor activities. ConclusionSo, there you have it! With its rich history, diverse culture, delicious food, and vibrant nightlife, a trip to Jakarta is sure to be an unforgettable experience. So why wait? Start planning your trip to Jakarta with Fizota.com today! |
2024.02.03 10:39 deRykcihC RIP McD Menu Rahmah
 | I know it's another McD news, but recently they removed their Menu Rahmah selection in their menu. I don't know when but I was pretty sure it was available last month or so. submitted by deRykcihC to malaysia [link] [comments] |
2024.01.29 13:13 Affectionate_Cat293 Destruction of Traditional Architecture in Cianjur, Indonesia
 | submitted by Affectionate_Cat293 to ArchitecturalRevival [link] [comments] |
2024.01.29 12:04 cici_kelinci Potret Jalan tjimatjan atau Cimacan kabupaten cianjur pada tahun 1880 dan 2022..
 | submitted by cici_kelinci to indonesia [link] [comments] |
2024.01.27 10:24 MidnightLemur12 Confused. Crushing on my best friend and need perspectives
Hello puans, I am currently having an intense girl crush towards my own best friend after thinking that I am straight my whole life.
For a bit of background, saya lagi kuliah di LN in an international program of some East Asian country's university. Naturally, the program has few students (mostly international students or natives yang pernah sekolah outside of the country) and my friend circle here is small. By chance, my batchmates of the same major are all girls so we hang out a lot. Basically it's a group of 8 girls who take the same classes everyday. Out of us, there is this one girl that we consider to be the prettiest/cutest and everyone likes her since she's very soft-spoken too as a person
She started messaging me a lot from last semester, daily. It's almost exclusively about school assignments or school related stuff but I like helping my friends so I didn't mind. But on top of this she also started to be more physical irl, like hugging my hand when walking together (I'm taller than her), calling my name randomly, narik I supaya rangkul dia from behind (again, I'm taller than her). At first I chalked it up to her being a very physical touch person but it also got me wondering why me? I understand that I'm kind of a doormat as a person and always try to be nice especially to the people I like, but it still confused me why she didn't do something similar to anyone else. Nah darisitu mulai kerasa spesial dan baper. Things progressed like so for a few months with more frequency that even our friends noticed and ngejekin klo kita suka PDA (Public Display of Affection)
Even though I liked the attention I got from her, I was still very confused to what's going on with her and my own feelings. I tried to be flirty from time to time to try and gauge what she wants from me but all of her responses were vague, did not give me an idea of what her feelings are
Fast forward to the beginning of current semester, I found out that school has been hard for her that she got depressed to the point of needing therapy and medicines to help her. She got much better and happier now, still going to therapy and taking meds. Nowadays I also noticed that she's been getting more physical with the other girls in our group as well, so what I initially thought was special only for me is no longer like that anymore. Although I found out recently that she does consider me to be her closest friend and likes me the most compared to others
Tapi nasi sudah jadi bubur ya, I can't deny the feelings I have for her anymore even if at first I thought it was her who has feelings for me. I have my own issues with mental stability too and there have been times when I was so close to go screw it let's just confess. The thing is, this is my own friend and I don't want to lose the friendship I have with her (and it'd be awkward for our small friend circle if something like that happens). Nowadays I am happy and content with the situation going as it is, but I can see myself going through another down period later where I'd probably make a rash decision and confess to her
Jadi, menurut puans baiknya saya approach situasi ini kaya gimana? I'd like to think that I'm just lonely and currently need a partner who I can reliably talk to whenever about whatever, but my current circle is very small, consisting of almost all girls and as luck would have it this girl got me very confused. I want to try to know more people and possibly form relationships, but school and adulting have been exhausting for me that I find it hard to find the energy to form relationships with new people.
Thank you if you're reading this far until the end. I wanted to make it shorter but I think this is as best as I can do to make it as concise as possible while still telling the necessary parts
submitted by MidnightLemur12 to Perempuan [link] [comments]
For a bit of background, saya lagi kuliah di LN in an international program of some East Asian country's university. Naturally, the program has few students (mostly international students or natives yang pernah sekolah outside of the country) and my friend circle here is small. By chance, my batchmates of the same major are all girls so we hang out a lot. Basically it's a group of 8 girls who take the same classes everyday. Out of us, there is this one girl that we consider to be the prettiest/cutest and everyone likes her since she's very soft-spoken too as a person
She started messaging me a lot from last semester, daily. It's almost exclusively about school assignments or school related stuff but I like helping my friends so I didn't mind. But on top of this she also started to be more physical irl, like hugging my hand when walking together (I'm taller than her), calling my name randomly, narik I supaya rangkul dia from behind (again, I'm taller than her). At first I chalked it up to her being a very physical touch person but it also got me wondering why me? I understand that I'm kind of a doormat as a person and always try to be nice especially to the people I like, but it still confused me why she didn't do something similar to anyone else. Nah darisitu mulai kerasa spesial dan baper. Things progressed like so for a few months with more frequency that even our friends noticed and ngejekin klo kita suka PDA (Public Display of Affection)
Even though I liked the attention I got from her, I was still very confused to what's going on with her and my own feelings. I tried to be flirty from time to time to try and gauge what she wants from me but all of her responses were vague, did not give me an idea of what her feelings are
Fast forward to the beginning of current semester, I found out that school has been hard for her that she got depressed to the point of needing therapy and medicines to help her. She got much better and happier now, still going to therapy and taking meds. Nowadays I also noticed that she's been getting more physical with the other girls in our group as well, so what I initially thought was special only for me is no longer like that anymore. Although I found out recently that she does consider me to be her closest friend and likes me the most compared to others
Tapi nasi sudah jadi bubur ya, I can't deny the feelings I have for her anymore even if at first I thought it was her who has feelings for me. I have my own issues with mental stability too and there have been times when I was so close to go screw it let's just confess. The thing is, this is my own friend and I don't want to lose the friendship I have with her (and it'd be awkward for our small friend circle if something like that happens). Nowadays I am happy and content with the situation going as it is, but I can see myself going through another down period later where I'd probably make a rash decision and confess to her
Jadi, menurut puans baiknya saya approach situasi ini kaya gimana? I'd like to think that I'm just lonely and currently need a partner who I can reliably talk to whenever about whatever, but my current circle is very small, consisting of almost all girls and as luck would have it this girl got me very confused. I want to try to know more people and possibly form relationships, but school and adulting have been exhausting for me that I find it hard to find the energy to form relationships with new people.
Thank you if you're reading this far until the end. I wanted to make it shorter but I think this is as best as I can do to make it as concise as possible while still telling the necessary parts
2024.01.27 05:03 aroeplateau Joongla: Indonesian Fun Dining Experience
 | Lokasinya di Bandung, dan Joongla mengusung konsep fun dining experience yang meng eksplorasi gantronomi Indonesia. Saya berkesempatan ikut di season ke-3 yang bertema kuliner Lombok. Masing masing seat diberikan buku yang berisi penjelasan berbagai menu uang disajikan, tapi sayang gak bisa dibawa pulang. Para juru masaknya mahasiswa jurusan kuliner dari enhai. Ada juga juru dongeng yang menjelaskan tentang menu yang disajikan. Cocok untuk yang suka eksplor fancy dining di Bandung. submitted by aroeplateau to kulineria [link] [comments] |
2024.01.21 14:19 marche_ck Ikang ekut saih
 | submitted by marche_ck to Bolehland [link] [comments] |
2023.12.20 15:13 Numerous_Brilliant_1 Chad malaysian
 | submitted by Numerous_Brilliant_1 to Bolehland [link] [comments] |
2023.12.15 13:16 gregyong Cara makan beras yang pertama diasaskan adalah nasi atau bubur, kecuali terus makan?
Besides consuming it straight, which way of consuming beras came first? Cooked rice or rice porridge ?
submitted by gregyong to Bolehland [link] [comments]